Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Yun Jung Oh

14 Articles

Effects of a Health Promotion Empowerment Program Using a Resident Volunteer as a Lay Health Leader on Frail Elders' Health and Empowerment: Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(3):335-348. Published online September 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.3.335

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PURPOSE
This study has been conducted to develop and examine a health promotion empowerment program using a lay health leader for frail elderly.
METHODS
The research was organized in a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data collection was performed from August 18 to October 8, 2015. The subjects included 76 frail elders aged over 65 registered in home visiting services (Experimental group=39, Control group=37). A health promotion empowerment program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was run for 8 weeks. Health factors (health promotion behavior, perceived health status and frailty) and empowerment factors (empowerment, social participation) were assessed. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
After the program, health promotion behavior, perceived health status and social participation increased in the experimental group more significantly than in the control group, but frailty decreased in the experimental group greater than in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The health promotion empowerment program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was effective. Therefore, the health promotion empowerment program needs to be expanded to other frail elders. Also, a health leader should be recommended as a public health resource and systematically managed.

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Development and evaluation of the information and communication technology-based Loneliness Alleviation Program for community-dwelling older adults: A pilot study and randomized controlled trial
Jung Ae-Ri, Lee Kowoon, Park Eun-A
Geriatric Nursing.2023; 53: 204. CrossRef

The Effects of a Tailored Health Promotion Program on Self Efficacy, Health Problems and Quality of Life of Rural Residents: Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh, Sang Min Kwon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(4):523-534. Published online December 31, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identity the effects of a tailored health promotion program on rural residents' self efficacy, health problems and quality of life.
METHOD
Data were collected from May 13th, 2006 to July 29th, 2006. The subjects were selected at Gajo-myeon, Geochang-gun, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Korea. Forty three residents were included in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. The 12-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi2-test, t-test and ANCOVA test with the SPSS/Win 12.0 program.
RESULT
The experimental group showed higher scores of self efficacy and quality of life than the control group, and a lower score of health problem than the control group.
CONCLUSION
From the above results, it can be concluded that the tailored health promotion program for rural residents is an effective intervention for improving their self efficacy and quality of life and reducing their health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to spread the tailored health promotion program for residents in other rural areas in Korea.

Health Promoting Lifestyle and Need assessment of Health Promotion Program for the Rural Elderly: Jung Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):5-17. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify the health promoting lifestyle and need assessment of a health promotion program, and to develop a health promotion program for rural elderly.
METHOD
The subjects of the study were 366 adults chosen from 24 villages located in Geochang Gun, Korea. Data sampling used a quota sampling method. Analysis of the data was done by using descriptive statistics, t??test, ANOVA and the Scheffe test with SPSS.
RESULT
1) The average score of performance in the health promoting lifestyle was 1.85. In the subscales, the highest degree of performance was 'nutrition', followed by 'interpersonal relationships', 'health responsibility', 'stress management', 'spiritual growth', and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. 2) Health promoting lifestyles were significantly correlated with such demographic variables as age (F=2.684, p=.047), education (F=10.989, p=.000), monthly pocket money (F=3.516, p=.008), religion (F=7.160, p=.000), current health status F=3.375, p=.035), health education (t=2.476, p=.014). 3) Health promoting lifestyles were significantly correlated with such life style pattern variables as milk drinking (F=3.767, p=0.035), hobbies (t=3.072, p=0.002), exercise (t=??7.186, p=0.000). 4) There is a high level of need for the need assesment of the health promotion program for the elderly in the rural area.
CONCLUSION
With the above findings, I propose that it is necessary to understand a health promoting lifestyle and need assessment for a health promotion program, and to develop a health promotion program considering regional and environmental elements.

A study Health problem and Perceived health status of the rural elderly: Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(2):274-286. Published online June 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data that may help develop health promotion programs by identifying health problems and perceived health status of the rural elderly.
METHOD
The subjects of the study were 366 elders recruited from 24 villages located in Mari Myun, Geochang Gun, Korea. The sample was selected using a quota sampling method. The instruments used in the study included 117 items for health problems and 4 items for perceived health status. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and scheffe test using SPSS program.
RESULTS
1) The most prevalent health problem was ailments in 'musculoskeletal system', followed by 'fatigue', 'eyes and ears', 'genitourinary system', 'mood & temper patterns', 'cardiovascular system', 'digestive system', 'nervous system', 'respiratory system' and 'skin'. 2) Womens health problems were more prevalent than men's health problems. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 7.68. 4) Health problems of the rural elderly were significantly correlated with demographic variables such as education (F=9.532, p=0.000), gender (t=-4.246, p=0.000), marital status (t=-3.531, p=0.000), family type (F=5.742, p=0.001), and occupation (t=3.356, p=0.001). 5) Perceived health status of the rural elderly was significantly correlated with demographic variables such as education (F=6.408, p=0.002), gender (t=2.949, p=0.003), marital status (t=0.802, p=0.034), family type (F=4.844, p=0.003), and occupation (t=-2.485, p=0.011). 6) Health problems of the rural elderly were significantly correlated with life style pattern variables such as drinking (F=5.223, p=0.006), smoking (F=4.087, p=0.007), salty food intake (F=3.424, p=0.034), greenish yellow vegetables intake (F=6.343, p=0.002) and fat food intake (F=5.327, p=0.005). 7) Perceived health status of the rural elderly was significantly correlated with life style pattern variables such as sleeping hours (F=3.966, p=0.020) and drinking (F=7.231, p=0.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicate that nurses need to understand health problems and perceived health status of the rural elderly and to develop health promotion programs for them in the future in the consideration of regional and environmental elements.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Breast Self-Examination of Middle-aged Women in Korea: Hee Jung Jang, Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh, Young Hee Choi, Eun A Park, Choo Ja Chung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(4):719-731. Published online December 31, 2002

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge attitude and practice of middle-aged women berast self-examination and to develop a breast self-examination promotion program for them.
METHOD
the subjects of the study were 365 middle-aged women in Seoul Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, Gueongbok, Gyeongnam, Jeonbuk Gangwon and Kyonggi. The instruments used in this study included knowledge(16items) attitude (22item)by Chol (1996) and practice (1item) The data were collected from September 15 to October 31 2001 by using self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Pearson correlation coefficient chi2 test t-test ANOVA and Scheffe test with SPSS program.
RESULT
1) 78.4% of the subjects were educated for breast self-examination. The most common source of knowledge for the breast self-examination was mess media 2) The average score of knowledge on breast self-examination was 8.52 points. The average score of attitude toward breast self-examination was 3.08 points 58.3% of the subjects practiced breast self-examination. But only 9.4% of the subjects practiced breast self-examination with a monthly basis 3) Knowledge on breast self-examination was correlated with demographic variables including residence (F+2.923 p=0.004) education (F+5.145 p=0.000) number of children (F=5.125 p=0.002) and menopause (t=-2.330 p=0.020) Attitude toward breast self-examination was correlated with demographic variables including residence (F+3.611 p=0.000) age (F=2.731 p=0.029) education (F=4.480 p=0.004) and family income (f=5.963 p=0.003) Practice of breast self-examination was correlated with demographic variables including residence (chi2=51.342 p=0.000) education (chi2=19.896 p=0.000) and menopause (chi2=9.841 p=0.000) 4) In terms of correlations among the scores of breast self-examination related knowledge attitude and practice there was a correlation between knowledge and attitude. But there was no correlations between knowledge and practice and between attitude and practice of breast self-examination.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that programs about the practice of breast self-examination need to be developed in the future.

Analysis of Researches about Nutrition, Pain and Fatigue of Cancer Patients: Jung Sook Park, Hye Ok Kim, Mi Young Moom, Yun Jung Oh, Kui Im Jung, Mae Ok Yoon, Su Ja HwangBo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(3):541-555. Published online September 30, 2002

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study is aimed to analyze the trend of research on nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients in Korea, suggest direction for future research of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients.
METHODS
74 studies published from 1991 to 2001 were examined according to the year of publication, types of journal, research design, types of disease, care methods, major concepts, tool and research findings.
RESULTS
1) The number of studies related nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients had increased rapidly since the 1996's(78.4%). 2) 42 nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients studies(56.1%) were done for a thesis for a degree and 32 were nondegree research studies(43.9%). 3) 70 studies(94.7%) were quantitative study, which included in 40 descriptive studies(54.1%), 22 experimental studies (29.75), 5 correlative studies(6.8%), 2 comparative studies(2.7%) and 1 case study(1.4%), and 4 studies(5.3%) were qualitative study, which included in 3 content analysis studies(3.9%) and 1 phenomenological study(1.4%). 4) Researches about cancer more than 2 were the most by 48 studies(66.1%), following leukemia researches were 8 studies(10.8%), breast cancer researches were 7 studies(9.5%), gastric cancer researches were 4 studies(5.4%), pediatric cancer researches were 3 studies(4.1%), uterine cancer researches were 2 studies(2.7%). 5) Researches about chemotherapy were the most by 39 studies (52.6%), following analgesic researches were 14 studies(18.9%), researches that do not present treatment method were 9 studies(12.2%), radiation researches were 7 studies(9.5%). 6) In 22 experimental studies, the effects of 13 types of nursing interventions were tested. Research findings were effective almost but muscle relaxation therapy to decrease nausea and vomiting was no effect.
CONCLUSION
We need more researches about research of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients, especially need to prove the effect of intervention or program for nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients by experimental research designs and need more qualitative researches to identify indepth the meaning of nutrition, pain and fatigue of cancer patients.

A Comparative Study on Health Promoting Behavior and Perceived Health Status between Koreans and Korean-Americans: Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(2):399-409. Published online June 30, 2002

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop a future health promotion program through the comparison of health promoting behavior and perceived health status between Koreans and Korean-Americans.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were 411 adults recruited from religious organizations located in the Yongnam area, Korea, and Chicago, U.S.A. The instruments used in the study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender (1995), and the Health Self Rating Scale designed by North Illinois University. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANCOVA, ANOVA and Duncan test with the SPSS program.
RESULTS
1) The mean HPLP score was 2.26 in Koreans and 2.43 in Korean-Americans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 2) In subscales of HPLP, both groups showed the highest practices in 'interpersonal relationship' and the lowest practices in 'physical activity'. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 2.26 in Koreans and 2.43 in Korean-Americans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 4) Health promoting behavior was significantly different by family income in Koreans, but significantly different by age and family income in Korean-Americans. 5) Perceived health status was significantly different by family income and marital status, but significantly different by age, education, and family income. 6) The HPLP was not correlated with perceived health status in Koreans, but positively correlated with perceived health status in Korean-Americans.
CONCLUSION
The study findings suggest a need to develop a health promotion program, in which physical activity and stress management for Koreans and Korean-Americans are emphasized, and cultural and environmental elements are considered, for better understanding of their health related issues.

An Analysis of Nursing Research on Cancer Prevention and Early Detection, Reported in Korea from 1980-2001: Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh, Hee Jung Jang, Young Hee Choi, Eun A Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(2):363-375. Published online June 30, 2002

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of research on cancer prevention and early detection in Korea, in order to suggest a future direction of research on cancer prevention and early detection for Koreans.
METHODS
A total of 97 studies published from 1980 to 2001 were analyzed according to the year of publication, research design, journal type, cancer type, major study concepts, and findings.
RESULTS
1) The number of studies related to cancer prevention and early detection had increased rapidly since the year 1995. 2) The most frequently used research design in the studies was the descriptive study design (55.7%). 3) There were 10 master's theses on cancer prevention and early detection, and 10 studies published in the Korean Epidemiology Journal. 4) When classified by the published field, 47 studies (48.5%) were published in nursing journals, 46 studies (47.4%) were published in medical journals, and 4 studies (4.1%) were published in public health journals. 5) The major topics of the studies were cancer prevention (51.5%), early detection (44.4%), and cancer prevention and early detection (4.1%). 6) Breast cancer was the most largely addressed issue in the studies (N=25; 25.7%), followed by lung cancer (N=23; 23.7%), hepatoma (N=17; 17.5%), gastric cancer (N=16; 16.5%), other general type of cancer (N=6; 6.2%), colorectal cancer (N=5; 5.2%) and cervical cancer (N=5; 5.2%).
CONCLUSION
It is suggested that there should be more studies on cancer prevention and early detection in the future, and, particularly, experimental studies to exam the effects of intervention on cancer prevention and early detection are considered necessary.

Health Promoting Lifestyle of Korean Immigrants in the U.S.A: Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(2):491-504. Published online September 30, 2001

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify the health promoting lifestyle of Korean immigrants and to develop the health promotion program for Korean immigrants.
METHOD
The subject of the study were 207 adults chosen from Korean religious organizations located in Chicago area. The instrument used in this study was Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) by Walker, Sechrist & Pender(1995). The data were collected between August 1 and October 20, 2000 by using self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of data was done by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS program.
RESULT
1) The average score of performance in the health promoting lifestyle 2.43 scores. In the subscales, the highest degree of performance was 'spiritual growth', following 'nutrition', 'interpersonal relationship', 'stress management' and 'health responsibility' and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. 2) Health promoting lifestyle was significantly correlated with such demographic variables as age (F=2.659, p=.049), family income(F=4.696, p=.027), subjective health status(F=3.882, p=.005), the frequency of pray(F=9.442, p=.000), the frequency of reading the bible(F=8.584, p=.000) and years of residence in the US(F=4.273, p=.015). 3) Health promoting lifestyle was significantly predicted by the frequency of pray, subjective health status, current working status, taking medication, level of education and family income. These variables explained 27.4% of variance of health promoting lifestyle.
CONCLUSION
The above findings indicate that it is necessary to develop a health promotion program facilitating exercise and enhancing health responsibility for Korean immigrants. It is suggested that the comparative study to identify the differences and similarities between Korean immigrants in the U.S.A. and Korean residents in Korea.

A Study of the Health promoting lifestyle of Industrial workers: Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1999;10(2):307-319. Published online December 31, 1999

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to identify the major factors affecting performance in health promoting lifestyle of industrial workers. The subjects for this study 241 workers employed in S company in T city and were obtained by a convenience sample. Data were collected from March 2 to April 28. 1998. The collected data were analyzed using frequency. percent. mean. cronbach alpha. t-test. ANOVA. Person coefficients of correlation. Duncan test. stepwise multiple regression with an SPSS program. The results of this are summarized as follows. 1) The average score of performance in the health promoting lifestyle was 2.62. The variable with the highest degree of performance was harmonious relationship. whereas the one with the lowest degree was professional health maintenance. 2) Performance in the health promoting lifestyle was significantly correlated with self esteem, internal health locus of control and powerful others health locus of control. 3) Performance in the health promoting lifestyle was significantly correlated with such demographic variables as age. religion, education level. marital state. family number. types of dwelling. 4) The most important factor that affect performance in the health promoting lifestyle was powerful others health locus of control and self esteem. On the basis of this study. other factors affecting others health promoting lifestyle should be identified.

A Survey of Sexual Knowledge, Attitude, and the Need for Sex Education in Middle School Students: Yun Jung Oh, Chung Nam Kim, Suk Young Ha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(2):467-481. Published online December 31, 1998

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this survey, in which 2754 students from 35 middle schools from Taegu city participated, was to identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude and need for sex education. This information will provide useful data, and promote a more systematic, desirable and practical sex education. The data was collected from September 1 to November 8, 1997. Data was analyzed using the statistical computer package, SPSS to manipulate the data along with percentage, mean, chi2-test, t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The mean score of sex related knowledge showed significant differences between boys and girls in general knowledge(boys: 10.85 girls: 11.71, p=0.000), in the area of physical development(boys : 5.29 girls: 5.72, p=0.000), pregnancy & physiology (boys: 3.23 girls: 3.57, p=0.000) and venereal disease (boys: 2.33 girls: 2.42, p=0.000). 2. The mean score of sex related attitudes showed a significant differences between boys and girls on the whole(boys : 57.68 girls: 58.92, p=0.000), in the area of psychological differences of the other sex (boy: 26.13, girls: 28.08, p=0.000), and sexual delinquency and its prevention(boy: 14.28, girls: 13.68, p=0.000). However, in the area of other sex friendships (boy: 17.28, girls: 17.16, p=0.274). There were no significant differences between boys and girls. 3. Those who had a higher sex related knowledge score showed more positive attitudes towards sex, but was of no statistical significance(r=0.312, p=0.000). 4. The majority of subjects wanted to learn about friendship with the other sex(40.1%), about physical and psychological differences in adolescence(24.0%), about prevention of sexual violence(15.0%), about pregnancy and delivery (7.5%), about venereal disease and medical cures(7.3%), about contraception methods (4.3%), as well as other aspects of sexual knowledge (1.8%). 5. The mean score of sex related knowledge generally was higher when one paid a lot of attention to health (F=3. 148, p=0.014), when one's father was alive(t=3.930, p=0.000), and when one's mother was alive(t=2.807, p=0.005), Hobby activities also showed a significant difference(F=9.092, p=0.000). The mean score of sex related knowledge generally according higher when one had sex education(F=9.470, p=0.000), when one obtained sexual knowledges from a teacher (F=5. 742, p=0.000), and when one had middle grade problems with sex(F=13.58 4, p=0.000). 6. The mean score of sex related attitudes generally showed significant differences when re ligion(F=2.691, p=0.03), hobbies (F=3.499, p=0.002) were considered. Those who had a father also had higher scores(t=2.538, p=0.011). The mean score of sex related attitudes generally with respect to a subject's sex was higher when one had sex education(t=5.338, p=0.000), when one had high grade problems with sex(F=6.023, p=0.002), and when one had the experience of friendship with the other sex(t=8.106, p=0.000). The following suggestions are based on the above results. 1. Systematic sex education must be performed in middle schools in order to establish responsible attitudes toward sex. 2. Sexual knowledge, attitude, and general sex education classes must be performed seperately for early, middle, and late adolescents, In other words sex education programs are needed for each adolescent development stage.

A Study of the Construction of Nursing Theory in Korean Culture: View of Medicine: Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(1):143-162. Published online June 30, 1998

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Abstract PDF: This is a study for the construction of nursing care based upon the Korean attitude toward medicine. Factors which were investigated include the source of nursing care, the reason for choosing care, the type of heath care chosen, the accessability of caregivers, and the desired location of death. The population examined in this study consisted of 517 adults distributed in six large cities and 191 adults from five rural communities. Data was analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, chi2-test, t-test, F-test and scheffe post hoc contrast with an SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among sources of nursing care used, first rank rated-pharmacy(54.4), private hospital(18.2), general hospital(8.4), folk remedies in house (5.0), chinese hospital(2.8), prayer(2.8) and others(8.4), and the reasons for choosing nursing care rated 'the easiest method' (63.6), 'the best method'(15.7), 'reliable'(10.8) and 'lower cost burden'(4.6) in order of preference. 2. The type of nursing care chosen rated western medicine(6.80), chinese medicine(6.15), folk remedies(5.46), faith remedies(3.51) and divination remedies (1.41). There were significant differences in the effect recognition degree to various kinds of medicine. 3. The difference of the type of nursing care chosen according to general characteristics showed that urban residents were higher than rural community residents(t=2.15, p=0.0320) in western medicine, and urban residents, women, and singles were higher than rural community residents(t=2.04, p=0.0414), men (t=-2.89, p=0.0039), and married(t=2.50, p=0.0126) on folk remedies. With repect to age and education those 21-30, under 20 and 31-40, graduated from college and graduate school were higher than above 51, above 61 (F=7.76, p=0.0001), graduated from elementary school(F=4.39, p=0.0006) on folk remedies. In other categories, rural community residents, women, younger people. Christians were higher than urban residents (t=-2.73, p=0.0305), men(t=-4.15, p=0.0001), older people (F=2.48, p=0.0307), Catholic, Buddhist, or atheist (F=70.18, p=0.0001) on faith remedies. Those graduated from high school and Buddhist were higher than unschooled, graduated from middle school(F=3.18, p=0.0075), atheist, Catholic or Christian(F=18.32, p=0.0001) on divination redemies. There were significant differences concerning age and education level. 4. The accessibility of caregivers rated 'caregivers should be nearby if the patients need them' (50.0), 'caregivers must be there all day (24 hours)' (39.6), 'caregivers must be there at night only'(5.0), 'caregivers must be there during the day only'(2.6), 'caregivers always should visit during visiting hours' 0.4), 'caregivers don't need to be there at all' (1.2). The frist rank of suitable caregivers were rated as spouse(66.6), mother(24.2), daughter (3.6), daughter-in-law(1.9), and the reasons of thinking thus were rated as 'the most comfortable' (81.5), 'people should correctly with regards to family they'(7.1), 'the easiest' (5.4), 'take good care of the patient' (5.1) and 'lower cost burden' (0.4). 5. The desired location of death rated as the following: his/her house (91. 6) to the hospital(8. 4). A person going to encounter death in the hospital wanted his house(78.5) over the hospital(21.5), and a person dieing in the hospital prefered his house(52.9) over the hospital(47.1) as a funeral ceremony place. The following suggestions are made based on the above results. 1. A sampling method that enhances the re presentativeness should be used in regional and/or national related research and replicated to confirm the result of this study. 2. This study should be used to understand the Korean view of medical centers and to meet the expectations of patients in Korean nursing. 3. Research on the Korean traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick, health and illness, and health behavior, the perception of dying, the decision to heal, and the view of general medicine should continue to be conducted continuosly so that Korean nursing theory can be advanced on these concepts.

A Cross-sectional Survey on Drug Abuse among High School Students in Taegu City: Hyun Sook Lee, Chung Nam Kim, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1997;8(2):347-367. Published online December 31, 1997

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate drug abuse and to find related factors among high school students. The subjects for this study were 973 students from 10 high schools in Taegu city. The data were collected from September 30, 1996 to October 30, 1996. The questionnaire developed by Kim Soyoaja (1991) surveyed adolescent drug use and questions on smoking and drinking were readjusted and added by the researcher based on review. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, chi2-test, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient with the SPSS/PC+. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of students who drank alcohol 1-2 times or more per year was 52.4% and smoked Cigarette 1 -2 times or more per year was 20.8%. The 7 different drugs(Analgetics 5.7%. sleeping pills and sedatives 4.2%, antihistamines 1.1%. stimulants 7.7%, hallucinogens 0.8%, inhalants 3.3%, and narcotics 0.6%) were also evaluated. 2. There was a significant relationship between drinking and type of school(chi2=62.97, p<.0l), grades(chi2=33.86, p<.001), school life(chi2= 19.04, p<.001), and delinquent friends(chi2= 64.72, p<.001). 3. There was a significant relationship between smoking and type of school(chi2=153.65, p<.001), grades (chi2=67.53, p<.001), their respect for teachers (chi2=33.80, p<.001) school life(chi2 =50.87, p<.001), and delinquent friends(chi2 =85.28, p<.001). 4. There was a significant relationship between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and type of school (chi2=14.65, p<.01), grades(chi2=12.89, p<.01), their respect for teachers (chi2=8.46, p<.05), and delinquent friends(chi2=22.42, p<.001). 5. There was a significant relationship between a parent's habitual drug abuse and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(chi2=7.78, p<.01), as well as a parent's attitude toward drugs and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(chi2=6.33, p<.05). 6. There was a significant difference between drinking(t=-12.53, p<.001), smoking(t=-15.98, p<.001), the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(t=-5.77, p<.001), and the respondant's delinquent experience. 7. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4166, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2200, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1428, p<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.5977, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2849, p<. 001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1711, p<.05) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4219, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2611, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1764, p<.001) among female students. 8. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.0709, p<.05) drinkry and parent -child relationships (r=.1321, p<.01), drinking and mother's rearing attitude(r=.0704, p<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships(r=.0813, p<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.14S7, p<.01), drinkng and parent-child relationships(r=.2147, p<.001), smoking and family stability(r=.1544, p<.01), smoking and parent. -child relationships (r=. 2018, p<.01) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.1l21, p<.05), drinking and mother's rearing attitude (r=.0988, p<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships (r=. 0940, p<.05) among female students. 9. There was a significant difference between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and family stability (t=2.23, p<.05), parent-child relationships (t=4. 34, p<.001), satisfaction with family (t=4.02, p<.001), father's rearing attitude(t=3.04, p<.01), mother's rearing attitude(t=2.87, p<.01). The distribution channel of drugs including alcohol beverages and cigarettes should be evaluated and restructured to discourage student's temptation and to limit accessibility. The step by step preventive teaching on alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking is needed from middle school to help prevent further drug abuse.

The Relationship between Health Belief.Self-efficacy and Exercise.Diet Compliance in Coronary Heart Disease Patients: Myung Hee Nam, Chung Nam Kim, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1997;8(2):262-276. Published online December 31, 1997

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Abstract PDF: This study evaluates the relationship between health belief.self-efficacy and exercise and diet compliance in coronary heart disease patients. The study subjects were 96 CHD patients who visited the outpatient clinic at 3 general hospitals in Taegu city from April 3, 1997 to May 3, 1997. Data was collected by the researcher and two registered nurses who work at a cardiac outpatient clinic. Face-to-face interview was conducted. Moon's health belief scale(l990) and Hicky and others' Cardiac Diet Self-Efficacy Instrument (CDSEI, 1992), Cardiac Exercise Self-Efficacy Instrument (CESEI, 1992) were used. The instrument developed by the researcher based on the reference review was used to measure exercise and diet compliance. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey verification and Stepwise multiple regression with the SAS program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The degree of health belief(score range: 1-4) perceived benefit: 3.06 barrier: 2.04 severity: 2.93 2. The degree of self-efficacy(score range: 1-5) exercise self-efficacy: 2.91 diet self-efficacy: 3.32 3. The degree of compliance (score range: 1-4) exercise compliance: 2.34 diet compliance: 2.95 4. The exercise compliance had a positive correlation with perceived benefit(r=0.5327, p=0. 0001), severity(r=0.2780, p=0.0061), exercise self-efficacy(r=0.6675, p=0.0001), and a negative correlation with barrier{r= -0.4236, p=0.0001). The diet compliance had a positive correlation with perceived benefit (r=0.6439, p=0.0001), severity(r=0.4244, p=0.0001), diet self-efficacy(r=0.6629, p=0.0001), and a negative correlation with barrier{r= -0.5098, p=0.0001). 5. According to pt's education level, (F=3.02, p=0.0336), received massage from mass media on exercise and diet(t=3.81, p=0.0002), presence of cardiac patients in the family members or friends(t=2.00, p=0.0478), created significant differences in exercise compliance. According to occuption(F=3.03, p=0.0215), hospitalized experience(t=4.59, p=0.0000), presence of chest pain(t=3.63, p=0.0005), there was also a significant difference in diet compliance. 6. The combination of exercise self-efficacy, perceived benefit and pt's education level explained 50.18% of the variance in exercise compliance. The combination of diet self-efficacy, perceived benefit and barrier explained 56.76% of the variance in diet compliance. On the basis of the above findings, the follow ing recommendations are suggested: 1. To promote the exercise. diet compliance for CHD patients, a well organized health teaching and nursing intervention program should be developed. 2. More research is needed to investigate other variables affecting exercise and diet compliance of CHD patients. 3. To promote self-efficacy and a positive health belief in CHD patients, a well organized and an approachable nursing intervention program should be developed. 4. Factors other than diet.exercise compliance should be evaluated to discover the impact on CHD patients.

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